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Windows Server 2012 : DHCP,IPv6 and IPAM - Exploring DHCP (part 2) - Installing DHCP Server and Server Tools

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7/15/2014 4:25:58 AM

Automatic Private IP Addressing

Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) is a feature of Windows clients and servers that allows systems on the same network to automatically establish network connectivity and communication with one another when no DHCP server is available. This is a great feature for a very small network where a set of machines need to share data and communicate with one another with little or no IT support. The IP addresses automatically assigned to adapters with this configuration are in the 169.254.0.0/16 subnet range. APIPA is enabled on all Windows clients by default. When a Windows client cannot locate a DHCP server and assigns itself with an automatic private IP address, it may not readily detect when a DHCP server comes online and may remain off the network unnecessarily long. APIPA cannot be disabled on Windows 8 and Windows Server 2012 systems except by disabling DHCP altogether.

DHCP Relay Agents

A DHCP relay agent can play a critical role on an enterprise network, allowing DHCP services to be extended across routers and different networks. When a DHCP client broadcasts a DHCP client broadcast, that broadcast is normally only allowed on the local network, which means that if there is no local DHCP server, there is no DHCP server response. Two ways to circumvent this limitation, or really this feature, is to either locate a DHCP server in each network or configure a DHCP relay agent on each remote network. The role of a DHCP relay agent is to pick up the local DHCP client broadcast and to forward that request to a designated DHCP server on a remote network. The remote DHCP server must, of course, be configured with a scope of IP addresses for that network, and when responding provides that lease information to the DHCP relay agent, which delivers that information to the client. This allows for DHCP services to be located centrally and managed by Windows Server 2012 systems, while the DHCP relay agent service can be provided by Windows clients, servers, or network devices such as switches, routers, or firewalls.

DHCP and Dynamic DNS Integration

The Windows Server 2012 DHCP service provides direct integration with the Dynamic DNS (DDNS). All Windows clients and servers are configured by default to register their name and IP address with the designated domain name system (DNS) server as configured manually or by DHCP on their respective network card IP settings. When a DNS server is configured to allow networking clients to automatically register their records within DNS zones, this functionality is referred to as Dynamic DNS registration. With a Windows Server 2012 DHCP server, this functionality can be extended to not only Windows clients leasing an IP address from the DHCP server but to any DHCP client. The DHCP server can, in fact, register the name and IP address on the DNS zone on behalf of the client using its own server computer account or a specified user account that has been granted rights to register DNS records. 

Installing DHCP Server and Server Tools

The DHCP role can be installed on a Windows Server 2012 system at any time using the Server Manager console. If the DHCP server tools are required on the local DHCP server, they can be selected for installation during the role installation or at a later time. Ideally, IT shops now are making the move toward centralized management, and this in many cases means no management tools on each server. To install the DHCP role and server tools on a single system, follow these steps:

1. Log on to the proposed DHCP server.

2. Click the Server Manager tile on the taskbar.

3. When the Server Manager console opens, on the Welcome to Server Manager page, click Add roles and features in the right pane, as shown in Figure 1.

Image

Figure 1. Starting the Add Roles and Features Wizard from the Server Manager.

4. On the Before You Begin page, in the Add Roles and Features Wizard, click Next to continue.

5. On the Select Installation Type page, select the Role-based or Feature-based Installation radio button, and then click Next to continue.

6. On the Select Destination Server page, select the Select a Server from the Server Pool radio button and select the local server in the window. Click Next to continue.

7. On the Select Server Roles page, check the DHCP Server role, and in the Add Roles and Features Wizard pop-up window, click Add Features to also install the DHCP Server Tools. Click Next to continue.

8. On the Select Features page, scroll down to the Remote Server Administration Tools Features group, expand it, and expand the Role Administration Tools group and verify that the DHCP Server Tools Feature is also selected. Then click Next to continue.

9. On the DHCP Server page, read the information and click Next to continue.

10. On the Confirm Installation Selections page, click Install to begin the installation. If a reboot is required, you are prompted after the installation completes. Reboot as required.

11. From the Installation Progress page, you can monitor the installation progress, but do not close the window.

12. When the installation completes, click the Complete DHCP Configuration link on the Installation Progress page, as shown in Figure 2. Running this wizard creates the DHCP Administrators and the DHCP Users security group on the local machine and authorizes this server in Active Directory.

Image

Figure 2. Launching the DHCP Post-Install Wizard.

13. On the Description page of the DHCP Post-Install Wizard, click Next to continue.

14. On the Authorization page, if the current logon account has the rights to authorize this server in Active Directory, click Commit to complete the task. If another account is required, enter the appropriate credentials and click Commit.

15. On the Summary page, verify the security groups were created and that authorization has completed. Click Close in the Post-Install Wizard window and click Close again in the Add Roles and Features Wizard window.

After the installation completes, you are returned to the Server Manager window. This Post-Install Wizard includes authorizing the DHCP server and creating the local groups DHCP Administrators and DHCP Users for DHCP server delegation.

DHCP authorization is the process of registering a new server in Active Directory to allow it to provide DHCP services on the network. This wizard should be run after all DHCP server installations. However, if DHCP server authorization is not necessary, skip authorization and just let the wizard create the delegation groups.

This completes the DHCP server and server tools installation task.

Other -----------------
- Windows Server 2012 : DHCP,IPv6 and IPAM - Understanding the Components of an Enterprise Network
- Windows Server 2012 : Configuring IPv6/IPv4 interoperability (part 7) - ISATAP
- Windows Server 2012 : Configuring IPv6/IPv4 interoperability (part 6) - Configuring a DHCPv6 server, IPv6 transition technologies
- Windows Server 2012 : Configuring IPv6/IPv4 interoperability (part 5) - Stateless address autoconfiguration,Stateful address autoconfiguration
- Windows Server 2012 : Configuring IPv6/IPv4 interoperability (part 4) - IPv6 address assignment - Manual address assignment
- Windows Server 2012 : Configuring IPv6/IPv4 interoperability (part 3) - IPv6 address representation
- Windows Server 2012 : Configuring IPv6/IPv4 interoperability (part 2) - Default IPv6 functionality
- Windows Server 2012 : Configuring IPv6/IPv4 interoperability (part 1) - IPv6 concepts and terminology
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