Microsoft originally released Terminal Server with
Windows NT 4.0, and it's been around in various forms ever since.
Terminal Server provides Windows functionality by using a mainframe
model. The client acts as a terminal for the server that has all of the
applications the client needs to run. Using this model, the client can
run Windows even if it doesn't provide the functionality required to do
so. You can find Terminal Server resources at http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/windowsserver/terminal-services/default.aspx.
Make sure you check out
the new Query utility if you're using Vista. This new utility helps you
discover details about Terminal Server and its associated users,
processes, and sessions.
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You may find that you
need to change the Server Core IP address to allow access to other
machines on the network. For example, the IP address for the Local Area
Connection may default to 169.254.54.55. Discover the current address by
typing NetSH Interface IP Show Config
and pressing Enter. Once you determine that the connection IP address
is incorrect for your network, use the NetSH utility again to set the
address correctly. For example, if you want to set the Local Area
Connection IP address to 192.168.0.1, then you'd type NetSH Interface IP Set Address "Local Area Connection" Static 92.168.0.1 255.255.255.0
and press Enter (where the first number is the IP address and the
second number is the subnet mask). Adding a third IP entry allows you to
define a default gateway when necessary. After you make the required
change, you must shut down the system and restart it for the change to
take effect.
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This article doesn't
teach you how to use Terminal Server. However, it does show you how to
use a number of utilities to access, query, and manage this important
resource. The following sections describe the command line utilities
that you'll use when working with Terminal Server.
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When you display help for
many of the utilities described in this section, you'll see the
Terminal Server command that the utility executes. For example, the
QAppSrv utility executes the QUERY TERMSERVER
command. The utilities don't provide access to all of the Terminal
Server commands because you don't need to use all of them from the
command line. However, you can find an easy-to-use list of these
commands on the Web site at http://www.robvanderwoude.com/termserv.html.
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1. Locating Terminal Servers with the QAppSrv Utility
The QAppSrv utility
displays a list of all of the application terminal servers on a network.
If you use this utility without any arguments, it searches the network
for a terminal server and displays its name. Running this utility is the
same as using the QUERY TERMSERVER command from within Terminal Server. This utility uses the following syntax:
QAppSrv [servername] [/DOMAIN:domain] [/ADDRESS] [/CONTINUE]
The following list describes each of the command line arguments.
servername
Specifies the Terminal Server to query.
/DOMAIN:
domain
Displays information for the specified domain. The default setting displays information for the current domain.
/ADDRESS
Displays the network and node addresses for the Terminal Servers on the network.
/CONTINUE
Forces the utility to display all of the servers without pausing after each screen of information.
2. Obtaining Processes with the QProcess Utility
The QProcess utility displays information about Terminal Server processes. It's the same as running the QUERY PROCESS
command from within Terminal Server. The output of this utility
includes the username, session name, session identifier, process
identifier, and user. This utility uses the following syntax:
QProcess [* | processid | username | sessionname | /ID:nn |
programname] [/SERVER:servername] [/SYSTEM]
Notice that you may only
specify one of the process identifiers. For example, if you include a
session name, you can't include the program name. The following list
describes each of the command line arguments.
* Displays all of the visible processes.
processed
Displays the specified process.
username
Displays all processes that belong to a particular user.
sessionname
Displays all of the processes running within a particular session name.
/ID:
nn
Displays all of the processes running within a particular session identifier.
programname
Displays all of the processes associated with a particular application.
/SERVER:
servername
Specifies the terminal server to query. The default is the current server.
/SYSTEM
Displays process information for system purposes.
3. Getting Session Information with the QWinSta Utility
Use this utility to obtain information about the various sessions running on a system. It's the same as running the QUERY SESSION
command from within Terminal Services. The utility outputs the session
name, username, session identifier, session state, session type, and the
device used to create the session. The device information is blank for
the local session. This utility uses the following syntax:
QWinSta [sessionname | username | sessionid] [/SERVER:servername]
[/MODE] [/FLOW] [/CONNECT] [/COUNTER]
Notice that you may
only specify one of the session identifiers. If you provide a session
name, then you can't provide a username as well. The following list
describes each of the command line arguments.
sessionname
Specifies the name of the session to query.
username
Specifies the name of the user to query.
sessionid
Specifies the numeric identifier of the session to query.
/SERVER:
servername
Specifies the terminal server to query. The default is the current server.
/MODE
Displays the
current line settings. In this case, the output changes to show the
session name, session state, device used to access the system, session
type, device baud rate, device parity, device data bits, and device stop
bits.
/FLOW
Displays the
current flow control settings. In this case, the output changes to show
the session name, session state, device used to access the system,
session type, and the flow control settings.
/CONNECT
Displays the current
connect settings. In this case, the output changes to show the session
name, session state, device used to access the system, session type, and
the connection settings.
/COUNTER
Displays
the current Terminal Services counters information. In addition to the
standard information, the output includes the total sessions created,
total sessions disconnected, and total sessions reconnected.
