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Microsoft Excel 2010 : Building More Powerful Worksheets - Using Date & Time Functions

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Calculating Dates

You can use different formulas to return a specific date. Here are some common examples you can use.

Calculate a Specific Day

You can use the DATE function to quickly calculate a specific day, such as New Year’s (January 1st), US Independence Day (July 4th), or Christmas (December 25th).

=DATE(A1,1,1)
=DATE(A1,7,4)
=DATE(A1,12,25)

Calculate a Changing Day

You can use the DATE and WEEKDAY function to calculate a holiday that changes each year, such as Thanksgiving, which is celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November.

=DATE(A1,11,1)+IF(5<WEEKDAY (DATE(A1,11,1)),
7-WEEKDAY(DATE(A1,11,1))+5,
5-WEEKDAY(DATE(A1,11,1)))+((4-1)*7)

Calculate the Day of the Year

You can calculate the day of the year for a specific date in the A1 cell. This function returns an integer between 1 and 365.

=A1-DATE(YEAR(A1),1,0)

Calculate the Day of the Week

You can use the WEEKDAY function to calculate the day of the week for a specific date in a cell. The function returns an integer between 1 and 7. This example returns 1 for Sunday, October 7, 2010.

=WEEKDAY(DATE(2010, 10,7))

Calculate a Person’s Age

You can use the DATEIF function to calculate the age of a person. The function returns an integer. For this example, A1 is birth date, A2 is the current date, and “y” indicates years (“md” indicates days and “ym” indicates months). If you loaded the Analysis ToolPak, you can also use the INT function.

=DATEIF(A1, A2,“y”) or INT(YEARFRAC(A1,A2))

Excel stores dates as sequential serial numbers so that they can be used in calculations. By default, January 1, 1900 is serial number 1 and each day counts up from there.

Working with Time

You can use different formulas to work with time. Here are some common examples you can use.

Display the Current Date and Time

You can use the NOW function to quickly display the current date and time. To display the current date and time, use the function:

=NOW()

Add Times

You can use the TIME function to quickly add different times together. To add 1 hour, 35 minutes, 10 seconds to a time in A1, use the function:

=A1 + TIME(1, 35, 10)

Subtract Times

You can use the TIME function to subtract one time from another. To subtract 1 hour, 35 minutes, 10 seconds from a time in A1, use the function:

=A1 - TIME(1, 35, 10)

Rounding Times

You can use the TIME function along with the HOUR and MINUTE functions to round time up or down to the nearest time interval. To round to the previous interval (always going earlier or staying the same), use the function:

=TIME(HOUR(A1),FLOOR(MINUTE(A1),B1,0)

To round to the next interval (always going later or staying the same), use the function:

=TIME(HOUR(A1),CEILING(MINUTE(A1),B1,0)

The FLOOR and CEILING functions are Math & Trig functions for rounding numbers.

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