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Exchange Server 2010 : Best Practices for Performing Database Maintenance

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4/12/2011 11:21:21 AM
The Exchange Server storage system is a database and requires routine maintenance to perform efficiently and prevent failures. In the old days, this required routine maintenance and planned downtime. Exchange Server 2010 does away with all that by fully automating the routine maintenance tasks of defragmentation and compaction. Exchange Server 2010 has advanced the health of the messaging system through the introduction of the following:
  • Continuous online database defragmentation

  • Continuous online database compaction

  • Continuous online database contiguity maintenance

This has eliminated the need for routine offline database maintenance, which dramatically reduces the need for planned downtime.

As messaging environments have evolved from “nice to have” to “business critical,” database maintenance has evolved from “should be done” to “must be done.” Any database that is not regularly maintained will suffer from some level of corruption and, if left unchecked, might fail. Hence, the automatic daily maintenance that Exchange Server 2010 performs is invaluable to maintaining a healthy messaging environment.

However, there are other potential causes of database corruption. These include the following:

  • Improper shutting down of the system, including unexpected power outages

  • A poorly maintained disk subsystem

  • Hardware failures

  • Failure to use or review systems or operational management tools

  • Manual modification of Exchange Server databases

  • Deletion of Exchange Server transaction logs

Sometime, administrators still need to perform manual maintenance using the isinteg and eseutil tools.

Automatic Database Maintenance

Exchange Server 2010 automatically performs database maintenance procedures on a nightly basis during the scheduled maintenance window. Exchange Server 2010 performs two distinct activities: Online Maintenance (OLM) and Online Defragmentation (OLD). OLM starts by default at 1:00 a.m. every day, whereas OLD is continuous.

Note

This is different than in Exchange Server 2007, in which OLD ran during the OLM process. This led to a fragmented database during operations with the attendant drop in performance.


The following tasks are automatically performed by these processes (OLM and OLD):

  1. Cleanup (deleted items/mailboxes)— Cleanup also happens during OLM. Cleanup is performed at run time when hard deletes occur.

  2. Space Compaction— Database is compacted and space reclaimed at run time. Auto-throttled to avoid performance impact on end users.

  3. Maintain Contiguity— Database is analyzed for contiguity and space at run time and is defragmented in the background. Auto-throttled to avoid performance impact on end users. The contiguity maintenance is new to Exchange Server 2010 and improves performance significantly.

  4. Database Checksum— There are two options for the database checksum tasks: either run the background 24x7 (the default) or run during the OLM window. In both cases, the task runs against both Active and Passive copies of the database.

By default, the OLM maintenance schedule is set to run daily from 1:00 a.m. to 5:00 a.m. Because the maintenance cycle can be extremely resource intensive, this default schedule is intended to perform the maintenance during periods when most of an organization’s mail users are not connected. However, organizations should also take their Exchange Server backup schedules into consideration.

The OLD task runs continuously but is auto-throttled to prevent impact to the end user.

Taken together, the new automatic maintenance regime is much more effective at keeping the database healthy and performing. In particular, the contiguity maintenance of Exchange Server 2010 reduces the I/O of the database immensely.

Configuring Database Maintenance Schedules

Administrators can stagger the maintenance schedules for different databases. For example, database 1 might have the maintenance cycle performed from 1:00 a.m. to 2:00 a.m., and the next store from 2:00 a.m. to 3:00 a.m., and so on. To view or change the default maintenance schedule on a database, perform the following steps:

1.
Open the Exchange Management Console.

2.
In the console tree, expand Organization Configuration and select Mailbox.

3.
Select the Database Management tab and then select the appropriate database.

4.
In the action pane, click Properties.

5.
On the Maintenance tab, locate the Maintenance Schedule.

6.
To change the default schedule, select one of the options from the drop-down box, or click Customize to create your own schedule.

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