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Using the Debugging Tools Available in Windows Server 2008 R2 (part 3)

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3/10/2011 9:19:45 AM

System Startup and Recovery

The System Startup and Recovery utility stores system startup, system failure, and debugging information. It also controls the behavior (what to do) when a system failure occurs.

To open System Startup and Recovery, launch Control Panel, select System and Security, select System, Advanced System Settings, click the Advanced tab in the Systems Settings dialog box, and then click Settings under Startup and Recovery to display a property page similar to the one shown in Figure 2.

Figure 2. The Startup and Recovery page.


The Default Operating System field contains information that is displayed at startup. This information is typically the name of the operating system such as Windows Server 2008 R2. You can edit this information using bcdedit from a command prompt. If the machine is dual-booted, there will be an entry for each operating system. The Time to Display List of Operating Systems option specifies the time the system takes to display the name of the operating system at startup. The default time is 30 seconds. This can be increased or reduced. The Time to Display Recovery Options When Needed is unchecked by default but can be selected and an interval in seconds entered.

You can set the action to be taken when system failure occurs in the System Failure section. There are two options. The first option is Write an Event to the System Log. This action is not editable in Windows Server 2008 R2 because this action occurs by default every time a stop error occurs. The next option, Automatically Restart, reboots the system in the event of a system failure.

The Write Debugging Information section tells the system where to write debugging information when a system failure occurs. The options available include where the debugging information can be written to and the level of debugging information: Small Memory Dump (128KB), Kernel Memory Dump, Complete Memory Dump, or (None). The Write Debugging Information To option requires a paging file on the boot volume, which should be large enough to contain the select debugging option.

Windows Memory Diagnostics Tool

Many troubleshooting scenarios revolve around memory-related issues associated with a system. Typical memory issues can involve an errant application, a specific process consuming too much memory, or failing hardware such as bad RAM or the memory system on the motherboard. Thankfully, Windows Server 2008 R2 includes a tool for diagnosing problems associated with system memory.

By using Windows Memory Diagnostics Tool, an administrator has another means for isolating root issues when a server is performing poorly, subject to crashes, or other abnormal behavior not caused by issues with the OS or installed applications.

The Windows Memory Diagnostics Tool can be launched by following the instructions below:

1.
First, save all work and close down open applications and utilities.

2.
To invoke the tool, select Start, All Programs, Administrative Tools, Windows Memory Diagnostic, or type MdSched at a command prompt.

3.
Select whether you want to Restart Now and Check for Problems or Check for Problems the Next Time I Start My Computer, as displayed in Figure 3.

Figure 3. The options associated with running the Windows Memory Diagnostics tool.


4.
When the system is rebooted, the Diagnostics tool automatically launches and conducts a Basic test by using default settings. Additional Test Mix options, Cache options, and Pass Count can be selected by pressing F1. The Test Mix options consist of Basic, Standard, and Extended, whereas the Cache option includes Default, On, or Off. In addition, set the Pass Count value. The value represents the number of times the entire test mix will be repeated. Note a value of 0 represents infinitely. Press F10 to apply the settings and start the memory tests. Status is reported throughout the test indicating results.

Tip

The Windows Memory Diagnostics Tool might not detect all the problems with the system RAM. Just because no errors are reported doesn’t mean the RAM or even the motherboard is working properly. Typically, the manufacturer of the hardware device will have additional diagnostics utilities that enable an administrator to conduct a deeper analysis of the root problems at the hardware level.


Resources and Support Tools

Software errors can be reported in Windows Server 2008 R2. The Windows Error Reporting mechanism makes this happen. Additionally, the Customer Experience Improvement Program (CEIP) enables the system to report information to Microsoft about computer hardware and usage.

The errors reported in the error-reporting mechanism and information derived from the Customer Experience Improvement Program can be sent automatically or when the user is prompted to notify Microsoft to help improve its future products.

You can manage the Software Error-Reporting Mechanism by selecting the Enable Automatic Updating link in the Update This Server section on the Initial Configuration Tasks screen. To change Windows Error Reporting, select the Manually Configure Settings link and click the Change Settings button in the Windows Error Reporting section. Select the appropriate participation option, as displayed in Figure 4.

Figure 4. The error reporting screen.

The Customer Experience Improvement Program Configuration screen can be launched by clicking the Change Settings button in the Customer Experience Improvement Program section. When the dialog box is invoked, select whether you want to participate in the Windows Server Customer Experience Improvement Program and indicate the number of servers, desktops, and industry that best represents your organization.

Finally, the combination of the resources and support tools help administrators better log, troubleshoot, and solve issues with a Windows Server 2008 R2 system. At the same time, Microsoft collects this information to improve the product.

Other -----------------
- Windows Server 2008 R2 : Logging and Debugging - Setting Baseline Values
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